Toothpaste is primarily composed of abrasives, water, humectants, surfactants, and flavoring agents designed to clean, polish, and protect teeth. Key ingredients include fluoride for enamel protection, calcium carbonate or silica for scrubbing, and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as a foaming detergent. It also contains thickeners and binders to maintain a smooth texture. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] Core Ingredients Breakdown • Abrasives (8–20%): Include calcium carbonate, dehydrated silica gels, and aluminum oxides. These polish teeth and remove plaque without damaging enamel. • Humectants: Glycerol, sorbitol, and propylene glycol prevent the toothpaste from drying out. • Surfactants (Detergents): Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) is commonly used to create foam, helping to distribute the paste and remove debris, though it can cause irritation for some, say Delta Dental and A Great Smile Dental (https://agreatsmiledental.com/las-vegas/dentist-reveals-t...