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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD, now often called MASLD) is caused by excess fat building up in the liver, linked to metabolic issues like obesity, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure, often fueled by unhealthy diets (high sugar, carbs) and inactivity, with genetics and gut health also playing roles. It's a condition where the liver struggles with too much fat, unrelated to heavy alcohol use, and is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]  

Key Risk Factors & Causes: 

• Metabolic Dysfunction: The most common driver, including: 

 • Obesity, especially abdominal fat. 

 • Type 2 diabetes and prediabetes. 

 • Insulin resistance. 

 • High blood pressure (hypertension). 

 • High cholesterol (hyperlipidemia) and triglycerides. 

• Diet & Lifestyle: 

 • Diets high in simple carbs, processed foods, sugar, and fructose. 

 • Lack of physical activity (sedentary lifestyle). 

 • Rapid weight loss or poor nutrition. 

• Genetics & Other Factors: 

 • Genetic predispositions (like certain gene variants, e.g., PNPLA3). 

 • Gut microbiota imbalances. 

 • Certain medications (e.g., corticosteroids). 

 • Other conditions like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) or sleep apnea. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]  

In essence, it's a metabolic issue where the liver becomes a fat storage site due to overall metabolic stress from diet, weight, and related conditions, even without alcohol. [2, 3, 5]  

To better understand your risk, would you like to know about common diagnostic tests used to detect fatty liver? 

AI responses may include mistakes.

[1] https://www.pennmedicine.org/conditions/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease

[2] https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fatty-liver-disease-masld/symptoms-causes/syc-20354567

[3] https://obesitymedicine.org/blog/risk-factors-symptoms-and-management-of-non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/

[4] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34069012/

[5] https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease

[6] https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20354567

[7] https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007657.htm

[8] https://www.bcm.edu/sites/default/files/a-guide-to-what-and-how-to-eat-non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease.pdf

[9] https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/

[10] https://www.healthline.com/health/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease

[11] https://www.probiologists.com/article/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-genetic-susceptibility

Henry McClure  
785.383.9994
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